The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty

Negotiating the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

Publisher : Routledge
Release Date : 2016-10-04
ISBN : 1315536552
Pages : 250 pages
Rating Book: 4.1/5 (315 users)

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Download or read book Negotiating the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty written by Roland Popp and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-10-04 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a critical historical assessment of the negotiation of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and of the origins of the nonproliferation regime. The NPT has been signed by 190 states and was indefinitely extended in 1995, rendering it the most successful arms control treaty in history. Nevertheless, little is known about the motivations and strategic calculi of the various middle and small powers in regard to their ultimate decision to join the treaty despite its discriminatory nature. While the NPT continues to be central to current nonproliferation efforts, its underlying mechanisms remain under-researched. Based on newly declassified archival sources and using previously inaccessible evidence, the contributions in this volume examine the underlying rationales of the specific positions taken by various states during the NPT negotiations. Starting from a critical appraisal of our current knowledge of the genesis of the nonproliferation regime, contributors from diverse national and disciplinary backgrounds focus on both European and non-European states in order to enrich our understanding of how the global nuclear order came into being. This book will be of much interest to students of nuclear proliferation, Cold War history, security studies and IR.

Reviewing the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT)

by Henry D. Sokolski

Publisher : Department of the Army
Release Date : 2010
ISBN :
Pages : 447 pages
Rating Book: 4.9/5 (39 users)

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Download or read book Reviewing the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) written by Henry D. Sokolski and published by Department of the Army. This book was released on 2010 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As currently interpreted, it is difficult to see why the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) warrants much support as a nonproliferation convention. Most foreign ministries, including that of Iran and the United States, insist that Article IV of the NPT recognizes the "inalienable right" of all states to develop "peaceful nuclear energy." This includes money-losing activities, such as nuclear fuel reprocessing, which can bring countries to the very brink of acquiring nuclear weapons. If the NPT is intended to ensure that states share peaceful "benefits" of nuclear energy and to prevent the spread of nuclear bomb making technologies, it is difficult to see how it can accomplish either if the interpretation identified above is correct. Some argue, however, that the NPT clearly proscribes proliferation by requiring international nuclear safeguards against military diversions of fissile material. Unfortunately, these procedures, which are required of all non-nuclear weapons state members of the NPT under Article III, are rickety at best. Each chapter of this book is dedicated to clarifying the NPT's key ambiguities, and the chapters are roughly structured to trace the NPT's text, article by article. The analysis set forth here was mostly written or commissioned by the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center. Much more, of course, could have been included in this book. But rather than seeking to be comprehensive, the aim throughout is to provide a guide for both policymakers and security analysts. This guide should assist in navigating the most important debates over how best to read and implement the NPT and, in the process, spotlighting alternative views of the NPT that are sound and supportable. Related products: Treaties in Force: A List of Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States in Force on January 1, 2016 can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/044-000-02684-8 The Warsaw Pact, Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance: Soviet-East European Military Relations in Historical Perspective: Sources and Reassessments can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/041-015-00306-2 Moving Beyond Pretense: Nuclear Power and Nonproliferation can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01098-6

The Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty

by Mohammed Ibrahim Shaker

Publisher :
Release Date : 1980
ISBN :
Pages : pages
Rating Book: 4.6/5 (61 users)

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Download or read book The Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty written by Mohammed Ibrahim Shaker and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Nuclear Proliferation and International Order

by Olav Njølstad

Publisher : Routledge
Release Date : 2010-09-13
ISBN : 1136922873
Pages : 304 pages
Rating Book: 4.3/5 (136 users)

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Download or read book Nuclear Proliferation and International Order written by Olav Njølstad and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-13 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the state of the nuclear non-proliferation regime and the issues it faces in the early 21st century. Despite the fact that most countries in the world have signed the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) there is growing concern that the NPT is in serious trouble and may not be able to stop the further spread of nuclear weapons. If so, international stability will be undermined, with potentially disastrous consequences, and the vision of a nuclear weapon-free world will become utterly unrealistic. More specifically, the NPT is exposed to four main challenges, explored in this book: challenges from outside, as three countries that have not signed the Treaty – Israel, India and Pakistan – are known to possess nuclear weapons; challenges from within, as some countries that have signed on to the Treaty as non-nuclear weapons states have nevertheless developed or are suspected to be trying to develop nuclear weapons (North Korea and Iran being cases in point); challenges from below in the shape of terrorists and other non-state actors who may want to acquire radioactive materials or even nuclear weapons; and, finally, challenges from above due to the perceived failure of the five legal nuclear weapons states to keep their part of the ‘double bargain’ made by the parties of the NPT and take serious steps towards nuclear disarmament. This book will be of much interest to students of nuclear proliferation, international security, war and conflict studies and IR in general.

The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty

by Kelsey Davenport

Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2019-07-10
ISBN : 1681749254
Pages : 130 pages
Rating Book: 4.8/5 (681 users)

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Download or read book The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty written by Kelsey Davenport and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2019-07-10 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), is the cornerstone of non-proliferation and disarmament efforts. Yet its negotiation and success were not inevitable. This book aims to address the developments that led to the negotiation of the treaty, examine its implementation, and address challenges that the NPT faces going forward.

Nonproliferation Treaty

by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations

Publisher :
Release Date : 1968
ISBN :
Pages : 519 pages
Rating Book: 4.$/5 ( users)

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Download or read book Nonproliferation Treaty written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reviewing the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty

by The Nonproliferation Education Center

Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2018-01-21
ISBN : 9781984059260
Pages : 454 pages
Rating Book: 4.5/5 (59 users)

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Download or read book Reviewing the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty written by The Nonproliferation Education Center and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-01-21 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As currently interpreted, it is difficult to see why the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) warrants much support as a nonproliferation convention. Most foreign ministries, including that of Iran and the United States, insist that Article IV of the NPT recognizes the "inalienable right" of all states to develop "peaceful nuclear energy." This includes money-losing activities, such as nuclear fuel reprocessing, which can bring countries to the very brink of acquiring nuclear weapons. If the NPT is intended to ensure that states share peaceful "benefits" of nuclear energy and to prevent the spread of nuclear bomb making technologies, it is difficult to see how it can accomplish either if the interpretation identified above is correct. Some argue, however, that the NPT clearly proscribes proliferation by requiring international nuclear safeguards against military diversions of fissile material. Unfortunately, these procedures, which are required of all non-nuclear weapons state members of the NPT under Article III, are rickety at best. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) nuclear inspections, which are intended to detect illicit nuclear activities and materials, certainly have a mixed record. Not only has the IAEA failed to find existing covert reactors and fuel-making plants, which are critical to bomb making, the agency still cannot assure the continuity of inspections for spent and fresh reactor fuels that could be processed into bomb usable materials at roughly two-thirds of the sites that it currently inspects. What is easily as worrisome is that even at declared nuclear fuel-making sites the IAEA routinely loses count of many bombs worth of production each year. Finally, in the practical world, the NPT hardly admits of modification and is far too easy for violating states to withdraw from. Under Article X, treaty members are free to leave the NPT with no more than 3 months notice merely by filing a statement of the "extraordinary events [relating to the subject matter of the treaty] it regards as having jeopardized its supreme interests." As demonstrated by North Korea with its withdrawal from the NPT, these slight requirements are all too easy to meet. As for amending the treaty, it is nearly impossible. Not only must a majority of NPT members ratify any proposed amendments, but every member of the IAEA government board and every NPT nuclear weapons state member must ratify the proposal as well, and this is only to get amendments for consideration by those states that have not yet ratified the NPT. Ultimately, any state that chooses not to so ratify is free to ignore the amendment, and therefore the treaty is functionally incapable of being amended. For all of these reasons, the NPT is not just seen as being weak against violators and difficult to improve, but it is seen effectively as a legal instrument that enables nations to acquire nuclear weapons technology. Consequently, each chapter of this book is dedicated to clarifying the NPT's key ambiguities, and the chapters are roughly structured to trace the NPT's text, article by article. The analysis set forth here was mostly written or commissioned by the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center. Much more, of course, could have been included in this book. But rather than seeking to be comprehensive, the aim throughout is to provide a guide for both policymakers and security analysts. This guide should assist in navigating the most important debates over how best to read and implement the NPT and, in the process, spotlighting alternative views of the NPT that are sound and supportable.

Return from the Nuclear Brink: National Interest and the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty

by Lloyd Jensen

Publisher : Lexington, Mass : Lexington Books
Release Date : 1974
ISBN :
Pages : 150 pages
Rating Book: 4.9/5 (39 users)

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Download or read book Return from the Nuclear Brink: National Interest and the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty written by Lloyd Jensen and published by Lexington, Mass : Lexington Books. This book was released on 1974 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty Review Conference: Issues for Congress

Publisher :
Release Date : 2005
ISBN :
Pages : 21 pages
Rating Book: 4.2/5 (22 users)

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Download or read book The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty Review Conference: Issues for Congress written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Member states of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) will meet in New York from May 2 through May 27, 2005, to review treaty implementation. These Review Conferences have taken place every five years since the treaty entered into force in 1970. The NPT was designed to:! prevent the spread of nuclear weapons (Articles I, II);! provide assurance, through international safeguards, that the peaceful nuclear activities of non-nuclear weapon states are not diverted to making nuclear weapons (Article III);! promote, to the maximum extent consistent with the other purposes of the treaty, the peaceful uses of nuclear energy through full cooperation (Article IV);! express the determination of the parties that the treaty should lead to further progress in comprehensive arms control and nuclear disarmament (Article VI) In recent years, several developments have led many to believe that the nuclear nonproliferation regime needs to be strengthened: the discovery of the A.Q. Khan nuclear black market network, Iran s unreported nuclear activities, including secret uranium enrichment facilities, the withdrawal of North Korea from the NPT in April 2003, and the discovery of Libya s covert nuclear weapons program, renounced in December 2003. Brazilian Ambassador Sergio Duarte, who will chair the May Review Conference, suggested that the main difficulty facing the review conference will be how to balance a perceived need for greater controls with treaty provisions that ensure the right to peaceful applications of nuclear technology. While the conference is unlikely to make specific recommendations, it will likely discuss some proposals to strengthen the regime, including those from President Bush and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Director General Mohamed ElBaradei.

The Midlife Crisis of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty

by Peter Pella

Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2016-03-01
ISBN : 1681743892
Pages : 78 pages
Rating Book: 4.8/5 (681 users)

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Download or read book The Midlife Crisis of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty written by Peter Pella and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2016-03-01 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) has been the principal legal barrier to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons for the past forty-five years. It promotes the peaceful uses of nuclear technology and insures, through the application of safeguards inspections conducted by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), that those technologies are not being diverted toward the production of nuclear weapons. It is also the only multinational treaty that obligates the five nuclear weapons states that are party to the treaty (China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States) to pursue nuclear disarmament measures. Though there have been many challenges over the years, most would agree that the treaty has largely been successful. However, many are concerned about the continued viability of the NPT. The perceived slow pace of nuclear disarmament, the interest by some countries to consider a weapons program while party to the treaty, and the funding and staffing issues at the IAEA, are all putting considerable strain on the treaty. This manuscript explores those issues and offers some possible solutions to ensure that the NPT will survive effectively for many years to come.

Reviewing the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty

by Henry Sokolski

Publisher : CreateSpace
Release Date : 2015-03-05
ISBN : 9781507876978
Pages : 454 pages
Rating Book: 4.7/5 (876 users)

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Download or read book Reviewing the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty written by Henry Sokolski and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-03-05 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons is the cornerstone of the nonproliferation regime. It entered into force in 1970, and 190 states have subscribed. The treaty covers three mutually reinforcing pillars—disarmament, nonproliferation, and peaceful uses of nuclear energy—and is the basis for international cooperation on stopping the spread of nuclear weapons. The basic bargain at the core of the NPT is sound: Countries with nuclear weapons will move towards disarmament; countries without nuclear weapons will not acquire them; and all countries can access peaceful nuclear technology.The NPT Review ProcessThe Treaty allows for the Parties to gather every five years to review its operation. At the 1995 Review and Extension Conference, the Parties extended the Treaty indefinitely and formalized the practice of convening a Review Conference (RevCon) every five years, as well as holding Preparatory Committee meeting during each of the three years preceding a RevCon. The 2015 NPT RevCon will take place at the United Nations in New York from April 27-May 22. The U.S. looks forward to a constructive RevCon, and we pledge to work with others to reaffirm and strengthen the NPT as a critical element of our common security.

The comparative analysis of the solutions to the problem of nuclear proliferation

by Paul Shoust

Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2010-12-07
ISBN : 3640771508
Pages : 28 pages
Rating Book: 4.4/5 (64 users)

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Download or read book The comparative analysis of the solutions to the problem of nuclear proliferation written by Paul Shoust and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-12-07 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research paper from the year 2010 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict Studies, Security, grade: Good, European University at St. Petersburg, course: Security and Disarmament in Europe, language: English, abstract: The world has not become safer in the 21st century. But there is only limited number of really global threats. Those include, inter alia, international terrorism, climate change, and the issue of nuclear proliferation. In its Resolution on the Convention on the Prohibition of Use of Nuclear Weapons, the UN General Assembly underlined that “the use of nuclear weapons poses the most serious threat to the survival of mankind” . But despite a nearly universal recognition of the threat posed by the mere existence of the nuclear arsenals, the issue of further nuclear proliferation among the members of the international community is yet to be solved. In this paper, we attempt to conduct a comparative analysis of possible approaches to the issue of nuclear proliferation. The goal of the research, however, is not the elaboration of practical solution of the issue. We will focus on the conceptual value of the one or another option, instead. The aim is to define main dimensions of the problem that can be faced by the international community: be it in the universal fora (e.g., the UN General Assembly) or in the ‘exclusive clubs’ (the UN Security Council). First part will be dedicated to the theoretical approaches that may be employed in the research. Also, the framework for the comparative analysis per se will be defined. In the second part of the paper, we will focus on the determination of factors that should be taken into account during the comparative evaluation of the solutions. In the third part, the set of factors will be applied to the potential solutions; and we will try to define common and specific characteristics of every option. There are a lot of competent research papers dedicated to the problem of nuclear proliferation. Many of them were published before the end of the Cold War and, therefore, provide us with the dynamic view on the issue. Most of the literature used in the paper is dedicated to the problem of the theoretical and legal dimensions of the nuclear proliferation. A number of international documents were used as well: the Nonproliferation Treaty, the UN General Assembly Resolutions, etc. Mass-media sources proved to be a rich source of information. Additional information was derived from the statistical data publications, caselaw of the International Court.

The Midlife Crisis of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty

by Peter J. Pella

Publisher :
Release Date : 2016
ISBN : 9781681743912
Pages : pages
Rating Book: 4.4/5 (743 users)

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Download or read book The Midlife Crisis of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty written by Peter J. Pella and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) has been the principal legal barrier to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons for the past forty-five years. It promotes the peaceful uses of nuclear technology and insures, through the application of safeguards inspections conducted by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), that those technologies are not being diverted toward the production of nuclear weapons. It is also the only multinational treaty that obligates the five nuclear weapons states that are party to the treaty (China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States) to pursue nuclear disarmament measures. Though there have been many challenges over the years, most would agree that the treaty has largely been successful. However, many are concerned about the continued viability of the NPT. The perceived slow pace of nuclear disarmament, the interest by some countries to consider a weapons program while party to the treaty, and the funding and staffing issues at the IAEA, are all putting considerable strain on the treaty. This manuscript explores those issues and offers some possible solutions to ensure that the NPT will survive effectively for many years to come.

Nonproliferation Treaty

by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations

Publisher :
Release Date : 1969
ISBN :
Pages : pages
Rating Book: 4.3/5 (31 users)

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Download or read book Nonproliferation Treaty written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considers Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and its present and future implications on U.S. international alliances, relations with USSR, and peaceful development of nuclear power.

Why Did India Not Sign the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty?

by Didem Akan

Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2010-06
ISBN : 9783838318974
Pages : 88 pages
Rating Book: 4.1/5 (318 users)

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Download or read book Why Did India Not Sign the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty? written by Didem Akan and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-06 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) has been an issue of discussion in the international relations field since it entered into force in 1970. Except the Democratic People s Republic of Korea (DPRK) that withdrew from the NPT in January 2003, and India, Pakistan and Israel have chosen not to join the treaty. The United States has started bringing India into the fold with a significant agreement to cooperate with it in the area of civil nuclear energy. The U.S. Congress on October 1, 2008, gave final approval to the United States-India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Act. In this book, the factors related to India s choice not to sign the NPT are the main focus. The analysis tests two theories (realism and constructivism) in terms of their ability to explain India s decision to remain outside the NPT. Last but not least, the possible implications of the study for the analysis of other countries not party to the NPT will be considered. The analysis would be especially useful for International Relations undergraduates and graduates, professionals working on foreign policy development and NPT.

Assessing "rights" Under the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty

by United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Terrorism and Nonproliferation

Publisher :
Release Date : 2006
ISBN :
Pages : 33 pages
Rating Book: 4.O/5 ( users)

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Download or read book Assessing "rights" Under the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Terrorism and Nonproliferation and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and the Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT)

Publisher :
Release Date : 1973
ISBN :
Pages : 25 pages
Rating Book: 4.9/5 (39 users)

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Download or read book The Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and the Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: